Networking standards can be classified as
* Proprietary
* Open
* De Facto
Most companies were run by skilled inventors, who came up with great ideas for new technologies and weren’t particularly interested in sharing them. This standard owned by one company or person. These standards are called proprietary standards.
If many companies get together and agree to cooperate, they can create an open standard instead of a bunch of proprietary ones. These standards are called open standards. These groups also work with standards approval bodies like the ITU and ISO to gain acceptance for their standards
De Facto is Latin for “in fact”. It is universal standard. There are 6 main organizations that maintain network standard internationally. They are
* ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Created in 1947. Note that, the short name is ISO not IOS. Organization chooses this name from Greek word “isos” means, “equal”. For that many people thinks that ISO-International Standard. But this is incorrect.
* IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering): Manages MAC address for Network Interface Card. IEEE’s main claim to fame in the networking industry is the IEEE 802 Project. IEEE 802.15 defines wireless technology. IEEE 802.16 defines WMAN standard.
* EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) & TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association): EIA/TIA 568 standard builds for Media installation and termination
* ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
* ITU (International Telecommunications Union): By the early 1970s, a number of countries were defining national standards for telecommunications. On March 1, 1993 the name of this committee was changed to the ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector)
Internet Standards Organization:There are six organizations that are responsible for the development of the Internet’s architecture, standards and policies and related activities. These are
* ISOC (Internet SOCiety)
* IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
* IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
* IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)
* IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)
* IRSG (Internet Research Steering Group)
Among all, ISO is the most powerful organization. All are International standards except ANSI. ANSI standards only use in USA. Internet standards are developed by IETF. The IETF standards documents are called RFC (requests for comments)
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