Fiber Optics Cable
It passes light pulses instead of signal. And light passes faster and in low signal attenuation up to 100 kilometers. So Based on this theory Fiber optics implements and added in network world for faster and long distance.
Bit rate/speed-10-100 Gbps
Layer
of Fiber:
There are four Layers
There are four Layers
a) Center Glass Core
b) Next layer is called Cladding made of glass. Light comes from core and reflected by Cladding and return to Core again
c) 3rd Layer is made of plastic is called coating. This is color plastic. If the cable contain 12 core, then plastic will be different 12 color.
d) Outer Layer is Jacket. A Black color thick Jacket to save the cores.
Different Manufacturers use different materials between 3rd and 4th Layer to protect core. Suppose - Jelly to protect weather proof from outdoor. A Metal wire to prevent the core from bend.
Most commonly used in core is silicon dioxide (SiO2). Cladding constructed of slightly different materials.
A finite number of modes / rays can propagate through core.
One mode = Single-mode
Several modes = Multi-mode
More than one signal can transmit from different angel in Multi Mode. So at Receiving end signal reached at different time. So light pulses can spread out in a long distance. Correct data can’t reach at receiving end. So Multi Mode Fiber used for short distance about 500 meters.
b) Next layer is called Cladding made of glass. Light comes from core and reflected by Cladding and return to Core again
c) 3rd Layer is made of plastic is called coating. This is color plastic. If the cable contain 12 core, then plastic will be different 12 color.
d) Outer Layer is Jacket. A Black color thick Jacket to save the cores.
Different Manufacturers use different materials between 3rd and 4th Layer to protect core. Suppose - Jelly to protect weather proof from outdoor. A Metal wire to prevent the core from bend.
Most commonly used in core is silicon dioxide (SiO2). Cladding constructed of slightly different materials.
A finite number of modes / rays can propagate through core.
One mode = Single-mode
Several modes = Multi-mode
More than one signal can transmit from different angel in Multi Mode. So at Receiving end signal reached at different time. So light pulses can spread out in a long distance. Correct data can’t reach at receiving end. So Multi Mode Fiber used for short distance about 500 meters.
Decreasing the radius of the core and the angle become short. So that only one signal can transmit through the core. This type is called Single Mode Fiber. It is used for long distance.
The fiber consists of cylindrical core of silica glass surrounded by a cladding. The refractive index of cladding is lower than core. Such fibers are called step-index fibers.
The refractive index decreases gradually
inside the core is called gradded-index
fibers.
There are two types of Fiber Cable considering the refractive index.
1) Step index
2) Graded index
Step index is two types considering mode.
1) Single Mode (Laser Light)
2) Multi Mode (Infrared)
Graded index is only one type – Multi Mode
Most dominant today is Step-index single mode fiber.
We saw many types
of cable. For connecting two PC, we will consider UTP cable. But where to connect at PC? We need a device which will connect cable with PC. The device is called Network Interface Card (NIC).
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